PENJELASAN TEKS REPORT BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Pengertian Report text adalah jenis teks yang mengumumkan hasil penyelidikan atau mengumumkan sesuatu . Informasi yang diberikan dalam teks laporan adalah informasi yang sangat umum.

Apasih yang membedakan report text dan descriptive text? Jika Anda membandingkannya dengan seksama, bedanya adalah recont text menjelaskan sesuatu secara general atau umum sedangkan descriptive text menjelaskan sesuatu yang spesifik atau khusus. Report text juga biasanya bersifat ilmiah.

Tujuan

“Social function of report text is to present information about something generally to the reader.”

Social function dari report text adalah untuk menyajikan informasi tentang sesuatu secara umum kepada pembaca.

Secara umum, report text menggambarkan hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan fenomena alam , buatan manusia dan sosial di lingkungan kita , seperti : mamalia , planet-planet , batu , tanaman , negara-negara dan kota, budaya , transportasi , dan sebagainya. Dan report text bersifat ilmiah karena menyajikan fakta-fakta sebagai hasil penelitian atau observasi.

Generic Structure

General Classification
berisi pernyataan umum tentang subject yang dibicarakan atau dibahas.

Description
merupakan bagian yang memberikan gambaran secara detail mengenai subject yang dibahas pada bagian general classification.

Contoh :

Report Text about Dolphin

Dolphins are very intelligent animals and they are benign to humans. This water mammals are able to fascinate us in many different ways. These mammals live in a group. They have been known to help humans in a variety of circumstances including rescue and fishing.

There are 36 species of dolphins that have been found. 32 species are dolphins the sea is already well known by the people and 4 species are river dolphins. It’s very interesting to see and learn about the dolphin species

Dolphins can be very entertaining. They can jump out of the water. Some of them can jump up to 30 feet in the air. The dolphins are grayish blue and his skin is very sensitive to human touch and other objects.

Although the dolphins have 100 teeth, they don’t use their teeth to eat. They use it to get fish then they swallow the fish. They can consume fish up to 15 kg per day. They always gather in a group to hunt fish.

 

 

 

3.    Analytical Exposition

Analytical Exposition Text (1)

Fast Food

Fast food describes the food that is not healthy or have little nutritional content. Unnutrious foods contain large amounts of fat. Fast food such as hamburgers, French fries from McDonald’s, KFC and Pizza Hut are often considered as unnutrious food.

Indeed all the food was delicious. Its aroma can make your salivation trickling. At that point, incidentally getting a charge out of garbage sustenance is no issue. It will be an issue on the off chance that you make this garbage sustenance as your everyday nourishment.

As per Jim White, the proprietor of Jim White Fitness and Nutrition studios in Virginia shoreline, VA, sustenance, for example, starches from fine starch, bundled treats, potato chips, sweet carbonated beverage, and burger and fries, not just include a layer of fat in the body, additionally it can bring about physical issue that make you feel uncomfortable.

Expending a lot of garbage nourishment can bring about a few effects to your body. First and foremost, your skin can be wrinkles before now is the right time. The unfriendly impact of eating garbage nourishment is overweight, as well as on skin. Sugar, Trans fats, and flour, can bring about the insulin hop up and invigorate an incendiary. Synthetic response happens when sugar particles strike protein or immersed fat quickens the maturing process by deactivating antioxidant in the body. You additionally be helpless to harm because of introduction to the beams of the sun and make the skin wrinkles speedier.

The second effect is obstruction. Crisp bread, rice, and different items which are made of the base of fine starch and have low fiber, can bring about stoppage. Actually, fiber has capacity to move everything through the body. In the event that you have parchedness, the state of stoppage will be more extreme. It will be more awful on the off chance that you drink pop.

The third is indigestion. Devouring a lot of garbage sustenance can trigger stomach corrosive issue. Nourishments that contain high immersed fat takes longer time to process. At the point when the burger or French fries that you appreciate overnight haven’t been totally processed in the morning, the overabundance stomach corrosive can be pushed up into the throat with regards to whenever to eat. Thusly, you feel queasiness and indigestion.

The fourth is intensifying the PMS (Pre Menstruation Syndrome) indications. Nourishment is not really prompted the presence of premenstrual disorder indications. There are different sources that exacerbate it even, for instance, sugar and starch that causes insulin all over quickly. This will influence compound mixes in the cerebrum and can disturb the emotional episode that you feel.

The fifth is migraine. Have you ever experienced cerebral pains after progressive devouring greasy sustenance? The agony is brought on by tyramine, a concoction intensify that is shaped in the breakdown of a particular protein in sustenance color and nitrate. Specialists say these materials can enhance blood stream to the cerebrum, then it causes changes in veins that dispense torment. As a result of that, you ought to precisely watch more the sustenance you eat. Stay far from sustenance’s that have unnatural shading.

The 6th is bloat. Different handled nourishments that are utilized for garbage sustenance contain large amounts of sodium. Sodium is the reason for tooting on the grounds that the sodium set the quantity of blood and veins to tie water. High admission of sodium will draw water from your body cells and reason a body hold more fluid as pay. Drinking eating regimen pop will exacerbate your condition is getting, on the grounds that the air pocket and the simulated sweetener can trigger bloat.  Those are a few effects of a lot of devouring garbage sustenance. The effects can influence our body’s wellbeing. Devouring an excess of garbage sustenance is bad.

PENJELASAN TEKS PROCEDURE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Procedure text merupakan sebuah teks yang berisikan tentang cara-cara dalam melakukan sesuatu dalam bahasa inggris.

Prcedure text dapat berupa cara memasak, cara membuat sesuatu, cara memperbaiki sesuatu, dan juga cara melakukan sesuatu.

STEP BY STEP CARA MEMBUAT PROCEDURE TEXT

1.     Judul

Dalam membuat Judul Procedure text dapat berupa “How to…..”.

e.g/: “How To Make Easy Fried Rice”

Penggunaan “How to..” merupakan suatu penunjuk bahwa si penulis ingin si pembaca tahu bagaimana untuk melakukan sesuatu. Meskipun terkadang how to tidak digunakan dalam judul procedure text. Contohnya pada resep-resep makanan langsung nama makanan yang kita buat

e.g/: Easy Fried Chicken

Buatlah judul yang mudah dimengerti dan memiliki benang merah dengan apa yang akan disampaikan pada isi text kita. Sehingga si pembaca tahu bahwa si penulis bermaksud memberitahu caranya sesuai judul yang kita buat.

Misal: “How to make chruncy chicken”  atau “how to make fried rice” Tetapi isi dari instruction nya berisi tentang cara pembuatan fried chicken. Meskipun sama-sama ayam, informasi yang spesifik membuat si pembaca tak keliru apa yang akan disampaikan.

2.     Ingredients

Ingredients merupakan bahan-bahan yang kita gunakan dalam resep makanan, namun anda dapat menggantinya jika anda ingin membuat procedure text dalam melakukan sesuatu dengan “Tools”:

• Ingredients, for the example:

-2 cups of tea

-1 tablespoon of sugar

-3 teaspoons of honey

-1 cup frozen beans

-salt

• Tools, for the example:

-Hammer

-Nails

-Jigsaw

-Sharpener

3.     Instuctions/Steps

Instruction atau steps merupakan bagian bagaimana membuat sesuatu. Dalam resep makanan biasanya diawali dengan persiapan dalam memasak,

e.g: “First, we put the chicken into the bowl”

‘First’ dari contoh diatas, artinya ‘pertama-tama’. Maksudnya adalah persiapan pertama yang harus dilakukan. Namun anda bias juga langsung menulis intruksi yang dilakukan pada tahap pertama

e.g/: “preheat …..”

Sebuah perintah untuk melakukan sesuatu. Dan setelah itu dapat dilanjutkan dengan proses selanjutnya yang harus dilakukan hingga selesai.

Nah untuk contoh Full Version Procedure Text nya sebagai berikut:

How To Make Crunchy Fried Chicken

Ingredients: 1 young chickens, cut into pieces 2000 ml of water or to taste 1 vertebra thumb galangal, crushed 4 bay leaves 150 ml coconut milk from coconut 1/3 200 g of corn starch 1 egg 1 stalk lemongrass, crushed Salt to taste Oil for frying to taste 6 shallots 4 cloves of garlic 6 grains hazelnut, roasted 1 small knuckle turmeric fuel 1 tbsp coriander, toasted Salt to taste How to Make Crunchy Fried Chicken: First cut the chicken into pieces, then boiled with 2000 ml of water or until slightly tender, remove and drain it. Take a new frying pan, fill enough water, then enter the chicken, and spices, galangal, lemongrass, and bay leaves. Steam while turning occasionally, wait until chicken is tender. Then add the coconut milk and stir until boiling. Then lift the chicken, strained chicken broth seasoning, then dispose of the waste. After a cold chicken broth, enter sago flour and eggs, salt and stir until the dough becomes soft. Heat enough oil, dip the chicken into batter, fried until golden brown. Remove and drain. Finally, strain used fry oil, then heat again with a small flame. Fried leftover flour mixture little by little, remove and drain. Finish.

PENJELASAN TEKS RECOUNT BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Recount text adalah sebuah teks dalam bahasa Inggris yang menceritakan pengalaman di masa lalu atau masa lampau yang berisikan suatu peristiwa, aktivitas, dan hal menarik lainnya.

Tujuan teks recount adalah agar para pembaca dapat merasa terhibur serta mengetahui apa maksud cerita yang disampaikan oleh si penulis kepada si pembaca.

·       Struktur Recount Text

Dalam pembuatan recount text kita harus memperhatikan struktur apa saj yang menjadi bagian dalam teks tersebut, yakni:

-Orietation

Adalah bagian pada recount text yang memperkenalkan tokoh, karakter, tempat, serta waktu dalam cerita tersebut. Jadi and cukup memikirkan “who”, “where”, “when”, “what”, and “how”.

-Events

Event dibuat setelah bagian Orientation. Karena bagian events berfungsi untuk menjelaskan lebih rinci peristiwa-peristiwa yang berlangsung dalam cerita trsebut. Disini biasanya letak isi pokok dalam suatu peristiwa yang ingin penulis sampaikan.

-re-orientation

Re-orientation adalah bagian akhir dari recount text. Isinya pun bebas. Jadi si penulis berhak menceritakan kesimpulan ataupun “personal opinion” dalam bagian ini.

Contoh recount text:

My Vacation in Bali

When I was 3nd grade of junior high school, my friends and I trip to Bali for vacation. We were there for five days. We got many precious experiences during the vacation.

First day, we visited Kuta Beach in the morning. We saw the lovely sunrise there. It was an outstanding view. Then, we checked in to the hotel at the night. After taking a nap at the hotel, we went to Tanah Lot. Tanah lot was nice place. It was lovely place for taking photo. We saw so many tourists there.

Second day, we spent our time on Tanjung Benoa beach. We played water sports at there. We drove banana boat and speed boat. In the afternoon, We went to Penyu island to see unique animals such as big turtles, snake, and sea birds. We felt enjoyed and happy.
The last day, we went to Sangeh. We could enjoy the shady forest. There were so many monkeys. Sometimes the monkey could be naughty. We could be really close with them. After that, we visited to Sukowati Market. I bought Bali T-Shirt, souvenirs and some food for gift there

At the night, we had to check out from the our hotel. We went back home and bring so many unforgettable memories of Bali.

PENJELASAN TEKS NARRATIVE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Disebutkan bahwa “A narrative text” is a text which is containing an imaginative story in which to entertain people (audience).

(teks narasi adalah sebuah teks yang berisikan cerita imaginatif dimana bertujuan untuk menghibur orang banyak atau penonton).

Based on the Oxford (Kamus Besar Bahasa Inggris) secara harfiah narrative bermakna (1) a spoken or a written account of connected events such as a story. (Sebuah cerita baik berupa secara terucap maupun secara tertulis)

Jika disimpulkan, maka arti dari narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik secara verbal (terucap) maupun secara tertulis ataupun yang berisikan rangkaian peristiwa dalam suatu hal.

Structure dari Narrative Text

Untuk mengetahui struktur dari Narrative Text itu sangatlah penting. Jadi jika kita ingin membaca terlebih saat menulis teks narasi yang baru kita memiliki stuktur teks narasi yang baik. Lihat struktur Narrative Text dibawah ini:

• Orientation

: It is about the opening of the paragraph where characters, place, and time are introduced in the story.(adalah sebuah paragraph pembuka yang berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu dalam sebuah cerita.

Berisi: who (siapa ), contohnya; Cinderella

Where (dimana); in small village

When (kapan); a long time ago, once upon a time

• Complication

: Where the problems of characters of the story appear and go to climac. (Dimana Permasalahan yang dimiliki oleh tokoh dalam cerita muncul dan klimaks)

• Resolution

: Where the problems of characters of the story is being solved. (Masalah selesai. Masalah terselesaikan baik secara ‘happy ending’ maupun tidak.

Contoh Narrative Text

Queen Of Arabia and Three Sheiks

Once upon a time there was a queen of Arabia named Maura. Maura is the most beautiful lady who had many suitors. Almost of it counts had discarded one by one, until just three sheiks reduced to the list. Those three were young and handsome. They were strong and also rich. The queen was hard to decide who would be the only one being the best.

One day in the night, Maura disguised herself and went to the sheiks’ camps near her castle. Maura had an idea to made a dinner for them, “Would you like something to eat, sheiks?” asked her. The first gave her some left in the table over food. And the second one gave her something strange, some unappetizing camel’s tail. The last one who named Hakim, offered the most tasty meat and tender.

After the lovely occasion, the queen left the camp.

Then in tomorrow, the queen invited those three sheiks to have a dinner at her castle. She ordered as same as the foods which is given to queen yesterday. The first sheiks who gave all over the food get the same menu. And he ate all the menu by himself. The second one who gave the unappetizing camel’s tail get the same and ate by himself. The third one , hakim, Get the same menu as he gave to the queen, but he didn’t want to eat it if all the people around him could not get too.

The queen was smiling. “Hakim, you are the person who I am searching for, now I announce that Hakim the person I will marry with!”

PENJELASAN TEKS NARRATIVE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 Pengertian Narrative

Teks yang menceritakan suatu kejadian mengikuti alur waktu.

Tujuan Narrative

Menghibur pembaca dengan kejadian nyata, seolah-olah pembaca mengalami sendiri kejadian tersebut.

Struktur Teks

• Pengenalan latar (tokoh, waktu dan tempat)/Orientation

• Pengembangan konflik/Complication

• Penyelesaian konflik/Reorientation

• Pelajaran yang dapat dipetik oleh pembaca/Reorientation

 

Contoh teks Narrative

THE BEARDED MAN AND THE LITTLE PRINCE

Once, there was a poor bearded man who made of close friendship with a little prince.

A poor bearded man named Maju lives alone in the middle of the wood of Dorasan Village. Everybody scared of him, especially the kids. The parent always told their children not to get near his place, "he might eat you" they said.

One day, the prince of the Kingdom of Dorasan Village, Hansol, was kidnapped by the King's servant who wants to coup d'etat him. He was tied in the middle of the forest, and the servant leaves him to tell the King that his son died.

The Prince might die if it's not Maju who saves the Prince and takes care of him on his place. Maju gave him food, treat his wound until he healthy enough to come home. The Prince realises that Maju is not bad people like what everybody said.

After the Prince got his energy back, he told his father everything. The King then punished the traitor and gave Maju a job and proper place to live near the palace. Maju became the Prince's best friend and protector ever since.

 

PENJELASAN TEKS REPORT BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 Pengertian Report

Teks Report hampir sama dengan Descriptive, namun di teks Report ini lebih memberikan gambaran umum tidak sedetail Descriptive.

Tujuan Report

Untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca mengenai suatu hal apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis.

Struktur Teks

• Klasifikasi umum/General classification (pengenalan fenomena atau benda yang akan dibicarakan dengan pernyataan umum)

• Deskripsi/Description (uraian atau gambaran bagian-bagian yang umum)

 

Contoh teks Report

EARTHQUAKE

 

A 6.3-magnitude earthquake rocked the Indonesian island of Lombok on Sunday, sending people fleeing into the streets just two weeks after a quake which killed more than 460 people.

The quake was centred west-southwest of Belanting town in East Lombok, the US Geological Survey said, at a relatively shallow depth of 7km.

Residents said the earthquake was felt strongly in east Lombok.

The tremor was also felt in the island’s capital Mataram and on the neighbouring resort island of Bali.

It comes two weeks after a shallow 6.9-magnitude quake on 5 August levelled tens of thousands of homes, mosques and businesses across Lombok.

Indonesia, an archipelago of thousands of islands, sits on the so-called Pacific “ring of fire”, where tectonic plates collide and many of the world’s volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.

(Source: The Guardian)

PENJELASAN TEKS PROCEDURE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 Pengertian Procedure

Teks yang menjelaskan cara membuat atau melakukan sesuatu dengan runut, misalnya teks ‘Resep Kue Nastar’.

Tujuan Procedure

Memberi petunjuk kepada pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian langkah.

Struktur Teks

• Tujuan/Goal/Aim

• Bahan/Alat/Materials/Tools

• Langkah/Steps/Methods.

 

 

Contoh Teks Procedure

HOW TO MAKE A DIRT CAKE

Ingredients:

1.     ½ cup butter, softened

2.     1 (8 ounce) package cream cheese, softened

3.     ½ cup confectioners’ sugar

4.     2 (3.5 ounce) packages instant vanilla pudding mix

5.     3 ½ cups milk

6.     1 (12 ounce) container frozen whipped topping, thawed

7.     32 ounces chocolate sandwich cookies with crème filling

Instructions:

1.     Chop cookies very fine in food processor. The white cream will disappear.

2.     Mix butter, cream cheese, and sugar in bowl.

3.     In a large bowl mix milk, pudding and whipped topping together.

4.     Combine pudding mixture and cream mixture together.

5.     Layer in flower pot, starting with cookies then cream mixture. Repeat layers.

6.     Chill until ready to serve.

7.     Add artificial flowers, worm gummy and trowel. Enjoy!

(source: All Recipes)

 

 

 

 

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT THE GRACEFUL SWAN (BAHASA INGGRIS)

 

 Swans are among the most elegant and captivating birds found in nature. Known for their long, curved necks and pure white feathers, swans symbolize beauty, grace, and serenity in many cultures. Belonging to the family Anatidae, swans are large waterfowl closely related to geese and ducks. They are commonly found in both freshwater and saltwater environments such as lakes, rivers, and coastal areas.

A swan's most distinguishing feature is its elongated neck, which allows it to forage for aquatic plants below the water’s surface. Their strong webbed feet make them powerful swimmers, gliding smoothly across the water with barely a ripple. Although most swans are white, some species, like the Black Swan of Australia, have dark plumage with striking red beaks.

Swans are monogamous creatures, often forming life-long bonds with their partners. During the breeding season, swans build large nests near the water's edge using reeds, grasses, and other vegetation. The female, called a pen, typically lays between four and seven eggs, which she incubates while the male, or cob, guards the territory.

These birds are not only graceful but also fiercely protective. Despite their gentle appearance, swans can be aggressive when defending their nests or young, known as cygnets. Their powerful wings and strong beaks make them formidable opponents when threatened.

Culturally, swans are often associated with love, transformation, and purity. They appear in countless myths, fairy tales, and ballets, most famously in "Swan Lake" by Tchaikovsky.

In the natural world, swans contribute to the ecosystem by controllingaquatic vegetation and providing food for predators. With their striking beauty and serene presence, swans continue to inspire awe and admiration wherever they are found.

NARRATIVE TEXT BAHASA INGGRIS: A MORNING WITH THE SWAN

 

The first rays of sunlight filtered through the trees, casting a golden shimmer over the calm surface of the lake. I sat quietly on the grassy bank, the morning air cool and fresh. A gentle breeze rustled the reeds, and theworld seemed at peace. Then, I saw her — a swan gliding silently across the water.

She moved with such grace that it was almost as if she were floating on air. Her white feathers shone under the rising sun, and her long neck curved like a question mark as she searched beneath the surface for food. I watched in awe, barely daring to move, afraid that any sound might disturb the serenity of the moment.

Soon, a second swan appeared, joining the first. They moved in perfect harmony, side by side, as if dancing to music only they could hear. Every so often, they would dip their heads in unison or flap their wings gently. The bond between them was clear — partners in life, sharing every moment.

Suddenly, the first swan let out a soft call. From the tall grass nearby, three small cygnets waddled into view. Fluffy and gray, they followed their mother into the water, paddling awkwardly but with determination. It was a tender, almost magical sight — a family united by instinct and love.

I stayed there for a while, watching them explore the lake together. The world felt slower, softer, as if time itself had paused for this quiet moment. Eventually, the swans drifted farther out, disappearing into the mist that hovered above the water.

As I stood to leave, I felt a strange sense of peace. Nature had shared a secret with me that morning — a glimpse into the quiet beauty of life, love, and grace in the form of a swan.

PERTANYAAN DAN JAWABAN MEMPERKENALKAN DIRI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Pertanyaan:

1. What's your name?

2. How old are you?

3. What grade are you in?

4. What do you like to do?

5. What's your favorite subject?

6. Where are you from?

7. Do you have any hobbies?

8. What's your favorite food?

9. Do you like sports?

10. What's your favorite book/movie?

Jawaban:

1. My name is Rina.

2. I'm 11 years old.

3. I'm in 6th grade.

4. I like reading books and playing with my friends.

5. My favorite subject is English.

6. I'm from Jakarta, Indonesia.

7. Yes, I like drawing and swimming.

8. My favorite food is pizza.

9. Yes, I like playing soccer.

10. My favorite book is "Harry Potter".

Pertanyaan lanjutan:

1. What's your favorite holiday?

2. Do you have any pets?

3. What's your favorite music?

4. Do you like traveling?

5. What's your dream job?

Jawaban lanjutan:

1. My favorite holiday is Christmas.

2. Yes, I have a cat named Luna.

3. I like pop music.

4. Yes, I love traveling to new places.

5. My dream job is to be a teacher.

CONTOH PERKENALAN BAHASA INGGRIS SINGKAT

 "Hello, my name is Rina. I'm 11 years old and I'm in 6th grade. I like reading books, playing with my friends, and drawing. My favorite subject is English. I'm from Jakarta, Indonesia. Nice to meet you!"

Atau:

"Hi, I'm Rina. I'm a 6th grader and I'm 11 years old. I enjoy playing soccer, listening to music, and watching movies. My favorite subject is English and I'm from Jakarta. It's great to meet you!"

Perkenalan diri yang baik harus mencakup:

- Nama

- Umur

- Kelas/tingkat pendidikan

- Minat/hobi

- Asal kota/negeri

- Senyum dan sapaan yang ramah!

TELLING THE TIME (MENANYAKAN DAN MENYEBUTKAN WAKTU)

Materi tentang waktu dalam pelajaran Bahasa Inggris kelas 7 biasanya mencakup beberapa topik dasar yang membantu siswa memahami bagaimana cara menyebutkan dan menggunakan waktu dalam bahasa Inggris. Berikut adalah beberapa materi yang biasanya diajarkan:

• How to ask the time (Bagaimana cara menanyakan waktu):
• "What time is it?" (Jam berapa?)
• "Do you have the time?" (Apakah kamu tahu jam berapa?)
• How to tell the time (Bagaimana cara menyebutkan waktu):
• "It’s 2 o’clock." (Jam dua.)
• "It’s 5:15." (Jam lima lewat lima belas.)
• "It’s 7:30." (Jam tujuh tiga puluh.)
• "It’s 8:45." (Jam delapan kurang lima belas.)
• "It’s a quarter to 9." (Jam sembilan kurang lima belas.)
• "It’s a quarter past 4." (Jam empat lebih lima belas.)
• "It’s 10:50." (Jam sepuluh lima puluh.)
• AM/PM (Pagi/Sore):
• "AM" digunakan untuk waktu dari tengah malam hingga tengah hari (12:00 AM - 11:59 AM).
• "PM" digunakan untuk waktu dari tengah hari hingga tengah malam (12:00 PM - 11:59 PM).

Expressions of Time (Ungkapan Waktu)

• Days of the Week (Hari-hari dalam seminggu):
• Monday (Senin), Tuesday (Selasa), Wednesday (Rabu), Thursday (Kamis), Friday (Jumat), Saturday (Sabtu), Sunday (Minggu).
• Months of the Year (Bulan dalam setahun):
• January (Januari), February (Februari), March (Maret), April (April), May (Mei), June (Juni), July (Juli), August (Agustus), September (September), October (Oktober), November (November), December (Desember).
• Seasons (Musim):
• Spring (Musim semi), Summer (Musim panas), Autumn/Fall (Musim gugur), Winter (Musim dingin).

3. Time Expressions for Daily Activities (Ekspresi Waktu untuk Kegiatan Sehari-hari)

• In the morning (Pagi hari)
• In the afternoon (Siang hari)
• In the evening (Sore hari)
• At night (Malam hari)
• At noon (Pada tengah hari)
• At midnight (Pada tengah malam)

4. Using "At," "On," and "In" for Time

• At: digunakan untuk waktu tertentu (misalnya, jam).
• "At 5 o’clock" (Pada jam lima).
• "At noon" (Pada tengah hari).
• "At night" (Pada malam hari).
• On: digunakan untuk hari atau tanggal.
• "On Monday" (Pada hari Senin).
• "On my birthday" (Pada hari ulang tahunku).
• In: digunakan untuk bulan, tahun, musim, atau periode waktu tertentu.
• "In January" (Pada bulan Januari).
• "In 2025" (Pada tahun 2025).
• "In the morning" (Pada pagi hari).
• "In winter" (Pada musim dingin).

5. Reading Clocks and Time Zones (Membaca Jam dan Zona Waktu)

• Menggunakan jam analog dan digital untuk membaca waktu.
• Menyebutkan waktu dalam format 12 jam dan 24 jam.

Materi ini memberikan dasar yang kuat untuk memahami cara berbicara dan menulis tentang waktu dalam bahasa Inggris. Biasanya, siswa akan berlatih dengan latihan-latihan soal atau percakapan sehari-hari terkait waktu.

PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: PENGERTIAN, RUMUS, FUNGSI, DAN CONTOH KALIMAT

Pengertian/Definisi Present Perfect Tense

Present perfect tense adalah suatu pola kalimat dengan perubahan bentuk kata kerja yang digunakan untuk menyatakan/mengungkapkan suatu aksi/peristiwa masa lalu yang masih berlanjut sampai sekarang.

Jadi, peristiwanya baru saja terjadi, tapi hasil atau akibat dari peristiwa tersebut masih bisa terlihat dan masih bisa dirasakan pada saat pembicaraan terjadi.

Selain itu, tenses ini biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukkan peristiwa atau membahas tentang pengalaman/perubahan yang berkaitan dengan suatu tempat.

Rumus Kalimat Nominal Present Perfect Tense

Contoh kalimat:

(+) You have been a creative writer since 2018. (Kamu telah menjadi seorang penulis kreatif sejak tahun 2018.)

(-) We have not been hungry. (Kita belum merasa lapar.)

(?) Has she been very busy this week? (Apakah dia sangat sibuk pekan ini?)

Verbal Sentences (kalimat verbal) Present Perfect Tense

Pada kalimat verbal, setelah subjek akan diikuti oleh kata kerja (V) alias verb. Nah, tenses ini menggunakan kata kerja ketiga a.k.a verb 3, guys. Lihat rumus berikut ini:

Rumus Kalimat Verbal Present Perfect Tense

Contoh kalimat:

Bentuk kalimat positif:

I have eaten three times a day. (Saya sudah makan tiga kali sehari.)

Bentuk kalimat negatif:

They have not paid their orders. (Mereka belum membayar pesanan-pesanan mereka.)

Bentuk Kalimat Interogatif:

Have they surprised Cintia? (Apakah mereka sudah memberi kejutan pada Cintia?)

Important notes! Perhatikan catatan penting dalam kedua rumus di atas:

Have/has termasuk ke dalam auxiliary verb.

Auxiliary “have” digunakan untuk subjek I, you, dan plural subject lainnya, seperti; plural pronoun (they, we), plural noun (boys, men), dan compound subject dengan kata hubung “and” (you and I, Masha and David).

Sebaliknya, auxiliary “has” berlaku pada singular subject, yaitu kata ganti orang ketiga atau biasa dikenal juga sebagai third-person singular pronoun (he, she, it), dan singular noun seperti penyebutan nama orang (Grace, Cerci, etc).

Pada bagian kalimat interrogative, lawan bicara cukup menjawab dengan “Yes, (I/you/we/they) have” atau “Yes, (he, she, It) has” untuk jawaban “Iya”.

Sementara itu, apabila jawabannya “Tidak”, maka bisa tambahkan not, seperti “No, (I/you/we/they) haven’t” atau “No, (he, she, It) hasn’t”.

 

Contraction dalam Present Perfect Tense

Sebelumnya, kita pernah membahas bahwa subject + auxiliary verb dapat disingkat atau dibuat menjadi contraction pada pembahasan simple future tense. Contraction adalah bentuk singkat dari dua kata atau lebih yang digabungkan dengan menghilangkan salah satu huruf atau lebih dan menambahkan tanda apostrof.

Contoh umum contraction dalam bahasa Inggris melibatkan penggabungan pronoun dan kata kerja, seperti “I am” menjadi “I’m” atau “you are” menjadi “you’re”. Contraction sering digunakan dalam bahasa sehari-hari dan lebih informal daripada menggunakan kata-kata secara penuh.

Bentuk positif present perfect tense

I have: I’ve

You have: You’ve

We have: We’ve

They have: They’ve

She has: She’s

He has: He’s

It has: It’s

Bentuk negatif present perfect tense

I have not: I haven’t

You have not: You haven’t

We have not: We haven’t

They have not: They haven’t

She has not: She hasn’t

He has not: He hasn’t

It has not: It hasn’t

Rumus Question Words dalam Present Perfect Tense

Masih ingat tentang question words? Itu loh, pertanyaan yang dibentuk dengan menambahkan awalan 5W + 1H (what, where, who, when, why, how). Nah, kamu bisa juga mengajukan pertanyaan pada lawan bicara menggunakan question words yang diikuti present perfect tense. Rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut:

Untuk pertanyaan tentang tempat, proses, alasan, rumusnya adalah sebagai berikut: 

QW + have/has + been + S + V3 + past participle + O

Contoh kalimatnya:

Why have you moved the table? (Mengapa kamu memindahkan mejanya?)

Rumus untuk menanyakan subjek:

QW +have/has + V3 + C

Contoh kalimatnya:

Who has washed the shoes?  (Siapa yang mencuci sepatu?)

Time Expression dalam Present Perfect Tense

Sama seperti tenses lain pada umumnya, ada keterangan waktu yang bisa kamu gunakan pada present perfect tense sebagai complement.

Time Expression dalam Present Perfect Tense

Fungsi Penggunaan dan Contoh Kalimat Present Perfect Tense

Nah, sampailah kita pada pembahasan terkait fungsi dan penggunaan present perfect tense dalam sebuah kalimat. Kira-kira, apa saja ya? Yuk, scroll ke bawah!

1. Mengungkapkan suatu peristiwa yang setelah terjadi/sudah dikerjakan, lalu pada saat pembicaraan berlangsung, ada akibat yang dirasakan

Contoh kalimat: 

I have swept the floor. (Saya sudah menyapu lantai.)

Tindakan yang dilakukan pada contoh kalimat tersebut adalah lantai yang telah disapu. Nah, akibat yang dirasakan dari tindakan menyapu adalah lantai yang berubah menjadi bersih. 

I have paid for your mobile data. (Saya sudah membayarkan paket data kamu.)

Artinya, akibat yang dirasakan dari membayar paket data adalah terhubungnya kembali smartphone dengan koneksi internet.

2. Menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi sejak suatu waktu di masa lampau yang masih berkaitan dengan saat ini (ketika pembicaraan terjadi)

Seperti namanya, yaitu present perfect tense, kamu bisa menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sudah dimulai sejak lama, tapi masih berlanjut hingga kini (present).

Contoh kalimat: 

She has lived here since 2000. (Dia tinggal disini sejak tahun 2000.)

I have studied there for 3 years. (Saya sudah belajar disini selama 3 tahun.

3. Membicarakan pengalaman tetapi tidak secara spesifik

Pada fungsi yang satu ini, Kita bisa menambahkan kata keterangan “ever” yang berarti pernah, atau “never” yang artinya “tidak pernah” untuk menceritakan suatu aktivitas atau pengalaman.

Contoh kalimat:

I have never eaten sushi. (Saya belum pernah makan sushi.)

I’ve been to Thailand five times. Have you ever been there? (Saya pernah ke Thailand lima kali. Pernahkah kamu ke sana?)

4. Menunjukkan suatu perubahan

Contoh kalimat:

Korea has become one of the most popular courses at the university since the Asia studies program was established. (Korea telah menjadi salah satu program studi paling populer di universitas sejak program studi Asia didirikan.)

My English has really improved since I moved to New Zealand. (Bahasa Inggris saya benar-benar meningkat sejak saya pindah ke Selandia Baru.)

5. Menyatakan suatu pencapaian atau hasil

Contoh kalimat:

My old sister has learned how to take great pictures. (Kakak perempuan saya telah belajar bagaimana mengambil gambar yang bagus.)

Doctors have cured many Covid-19 patients. (Dokter telah menyembuhkan banyak pasien Covid-19.)

6. Mengungkapkan aktivitas yang sudah dilakukan, tetapi belum terselesaikan hingga saat ini

Kalau ingin menyatakan kejadian yang sudah kamu mulai pada masa lampau, tapi ternyata saat pembicaraan terjadi, aksi tersebut belum selesai, maka bisa gunakan present perfect tense.

Contoh kalimat:

Clara has not finished his homework yet. (Clara belum menyelesaikan pekerjaan rumahnya.)

Meydi hasn’t taken the IELTS, but his British English is very great. (Meydi belum menguasai IELTS, tetapi bahasa Inggris British-nya sangat bagus.)

7. Menceritakan aktivitas yang terjadi pada periode waktu yang berbeda

Contoh kalimat:

Rama has attacked his friend five times. (Rama telah menyerang temannya lima kali.)

She has applied for many job vacancies, but there is no interview call for her. (Dia telah melamar banyak lowongan pekerjaan, tetapi tidak ada panggilan wawancara untuknya.)

8. Aksi berulang dalam kurun waktu yang tidak ditentukan antara masa lalu dan kini

Fungsi ini berlaku untuk menyatakan pengulangan suatu kegiatan tapi tidak dalam waktu yang spesifik.

Contoh kalimat:

Dika has visited her girlfriend in Jakarta frequently. (Dika sudah sering mengunjungi pasangannya di Jakarta.)

They have eaten at that chinese restaurant many times. (Mereka sudah makan di restoran Cina itu berkali-kali.)

9. Untuk menyatakan kejadian atau tindakan yang baru saja selesai/berakhir (menggunakan tambahan + just)

Untuk fungsi ini, kamu bisa mengutarakan bahwa suatu kegiatan itu terjadi tidak lama dari waktu pembicaraan. Hal ini dapat kamu lihat dari tambahan kata just.

Contoh kalimat:

Have you just finished your exercise? (Apakah kamu baru saja selesai berolahraga?)

I have just finished my task. (Saya baru saja menyelesaikan tugas saya.)

Jadi, pada fungsi kalimat ini, kamu benar-benar menyatakan suatu aktivitas yang baru saja selesai dilakukan.

10. Menceritakan sesuatu yang tidak cukup penting atau menyampaikan pertanyaan/pernyataan yang tidak diketahui jawabannya

Yap, present perfect tense dapat digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sebetulnya nggak cukup penting untuk disampaikan.

Contoh kalimat:

Someone has eaten my pizza! (Seseorang telah memakan pizzaku!)

She’s learned roller skates. (Dia belajar sepatu roda.)

Itulah pemaparan mengenai present perfect tense. Kalau kamu sudah membaca hingga akhir, saatnya untuk berlatih, nih. Coba deh jawab pertanyaan di bawah ini untuk menguji pemahamanmu!

……..  you ever visited his house?

A. Has

B. Have

C. What

D. Where

Jawaban: B

Have you ever visited his house? (Apakah kamu pernah mengunjungi rumahnya?)

Pembahasan: 

Why is the correct answer is B? Soalnya, kalau “has” itu digunakan untuk subjek he, she, it, sedangkan contoh soal di atas menggunakan subjek you. Sementara itu, what dan where termasuk dalam question words. Padahal, kita bisa lihat kalau pertanyaan di atas termasuk ke dalam Yes/No question.

DESCRIPTIVE TEXT SINGKAT DAN TERJEMAH: THE SUN BEAR

 

Beruang Matahari

The Sun Bear is a native animal of Southeast Asia. These animals that are popularly depicted as eating honey are actually aggressive animals. These black-furred creatures will not hesitate to attack or even kills human, moreover if they’re being provoked. 

 

They are small bears, with a height of 70 centimeters at the shoulder, and they weigh about 25-65 kilograms. There is a golden-like area on their chest, which is said similar to the image of the rising sun. They have long and big tongues, which sometimes stick out. This long tongue helps them to get honey and insect from trees. 

 

TERJEMAH:

BERUANG MATAHARI

Beruang Matahari adalah hewan asli dari Asia Tenggara. Hewan yang populer digambarkan memakan madu ini sebenarnya adalah hewan yang agresif. Makhluk berbulu hitam ini tidak akan segan untuk menyerang atau bahkan membunuh orang, apalagi jika diprovokasi.

 

Mereka adalah beruang yang kecil, dengan tinggi di bahu sekitar 70 cm, dan mereka berbobot seberat 26-65 kilogram. Ada area seperti emas di dada mereka, yang dikatakan mirip dengan gambaran matahari terbit. Mereka memiliki lidah yang panjang dan besar, yang terkadang dijulurkan. Lidah ini berfungsi untuk membantu mereka mendapatkan madu dan serangga dari pepohonan.