NARRATIVE TEXT AND GENERIC STRUCTURE: THE MOUSE DEER AND THE ELEPHANT

One day, there was a mouse deer. He was trapped in a hole that had been made by a group of hunters.
The mouse deer screamed for help but no one heard him. It was hopeless for him to escape from the trap. He waited and waited and finally  an elephant came. He  was happy and asked for help but the elephant  was not smart enough to help him. The elephant did not know how to do.
In the end, the mouse deer got a bright idea. He said to the elephant, “Come down here! Come down to this hole so you can help me get out!” Foolishly The elephant agreed and followed the mouse deer’s order. The elephant jumped down to the hole.
Of course the mouse deer quickly hopped on the elephant’s body and then hopped out of the hole. He was free and leaving the elephant trapped in the hole in turn.

Arti Cerita Si Kancil dan Gajah dari Teks Bahasa Inggris
Suatu hari, hidupla kancil. Ia sedang terjebak didalam sebuah lubang yang telah dibuat oleh sekelompok pemburu.
Kancil tersebut berteriak meminta tolong, tapi tidak ada yang mendengarnya. Tidak ada harapan lagi baginya untuk bisa lepas dari perangkap lobang itu. Iapun menunggu dan menunggu dan akhirnya seekor gajah datang. Kancil tersebut merasa senang dan meminta pertolongan gajah tapi gajah itu tidak cukup cerdas untuk bisa membantunya. Gajah itu tidak tahu bagaimana cara menolongnya.
Pada akhirnya, kancil pun punya ide cemerlang. Ia berkata kepada gajah, “Ayo ke sini! Ayo masuklah ke lubang ini sehingga kamu bisa membantu aku keluar dari lobang ini” Bodohnya Gajah itu, menyetujui dan mengikuti perintah kancil tersebut. Gajah itupun melompat kedalam lubang.
Tentu saja kancil tersebut dengan cepat melompat ke atas tubuh gajah tersebut kemudian melompat keluar dari lubang. Iapun bebas dan meninggalkan gajah sendirian terjebak di dalam lubang itu.

Note on the generic structure Contoh Narrative Text Fable
1. Orientation: Pengenalan tokoh cerita kapan dan dimana terjadinya. Pada cerita si kancil dan gajah diatas, jelas dinyatakan bahwa orientasinya adalah si kancil itu sendiri dan seekor gajah  disuatu waktu.
One day, there was a mouse deer. He was trapped in a hole that had been made by a group of hunters.
2. Complication: Pertentangan atau permasalahan. Konsep dasar masalah keinginan yang tidak seperti kenyataan. Si kancil ingin keluar dari jebakan tapi tidak bisa. Pun si gajah tidak tahu cara menolong si kancil.
The mouse deer screamed for help but no one heard him.
He  was happy and asked for help but the elephant  was not smart enough to help him.
3. Resolution: Pada akhirnya dengan sedikit tipu daya, si kancil bisa keluar dari jebakan sementara si gajah si penolong mlah terjebah sendiri.
He was free and leaving the elephant trapped in the hole in turn. 

NARRATIVE TEXT and GENERIC STRUCTURE: THE UGLY DUCKLING AND NEW FRIEND

 

One upon time, a mother duck sat on her eggs. She felt tired of sitting on them. She just wished the eggs would break out. Several days later, she got her wish. The eggs cracked and some cute little ducklings appeared. “Peep, peep” the little ducklings cried. “Quack, quack” their mother greeted in return.However the largest egg had not cracked. The mother duck sat on it for several days. Finally, it cracked and a huge ugly duckling waddled out. The mother duck looked at him in surprise. He was so big and very gray. He didn’t look like the others at all. He was like a turkey.

When the mother duck brought the children to the pond for their first swimming lesson. The huge grey duckling splashed and paddled about just as nicely as the other ducklings did. “That is not a turkey chick. He is my very own son and quite handsome” the mother said proudly. However, the other animals didn’t agree. They hissed and made fun of him day by day. Even his own sisters and brothers were very unkind. “You are very ugly” they quacked. The little poor duckling was very unhappy. “I wish I looked like them” he thought to himself. One day, the ugly duckling run away and hid in the bushes. The sad duckling lived alone through the cold and snow winter.
Finally the spring flowers began to bloom. While he was swimming in the pond, he saw three large white swans swimming toward him. “Oh, dear. these beautiful birds will laugh and peck me too” he said to himself. But the swans did not attack him. Instead, they swam around him and stroked him with their bills. As the ugly duckling bent his neck to speak to them, he saw his reflection in the water. He could not believe his eyes. “I am not an ugly duckling but a beautiful swam” he exclaimed.
He was very happy. From that day on, he swam and played with his new friends and was happier than he had never been.

 

Arti Cerita Bebek Buruk Rupa dan Teman Barunya dari Teks Bahasa Inggris
Suatu kala, seekot ibu bebek duduk sedang mengerami telur-telurnya. Dia sudah merasa lelah selalu mendudukinya dan berharap telur-telur akan segera menetas. Beberapa hari kemudian, harapannya pun terwujud. Telur itu retak dan beberapa bebek kecil yang lucu muncul dari dalamnya. "Peep , peep" bebek kecil menangis. "Quack, quack" ibu bebek mnyambutnya. Akan tetapi satu telur terbesar masih belum menetas. Ibu bebek pun mengerami lagi selama beberapa hari. Akhirnya, telur terbesar itupun retak dan muncullah seekero itik yang besar bertampang buruk rupa berjalan tertatih-tatih keluar dari telur itu.  Ibu bebek pun menatapnya dengan heran. Ia begitu besar dan berwarna abu-abu. Ia tidak terlihat seperti saudara lainnya sama sekali. Ia mirip seperti kalkun.

Ketika ibu bebek membawa anak-anaknya ke kolam untuk belajar renang pertama kalinya. Dia memercik dan mendayung sama baiknya seperti bebek lainnya. "Dia itu bukan kalkun. Dia adalah anak ku yang cukup tampan" kata ibunyadengan bangga. Namun, hewan lain tidak setuju. Mereka mendesis dan mengolok-oloknya hari demi hari. Bahkan saudara-saudara sendiri juga tidak berlaku baik kepadanya. "Kau sangat jelek" kata mereka. Diapun merasa sangat tidak nyaman. "Aku berharap punya rupa seperti mereka" pikirnya. Suatu waktu Dia sudah tidak tahan lagi dan berlari, bersembunyi di semak-semak. Dia merasa sedih dan tinggal sendirian ditengah musim dingin yang bersalju.

Akhirnya musim semipun tiba. Ketika dia sedang berenang di kolam, ada tiga angsa putih besar berenang ke arahnya. "Astaga. burung itu pasti akan menertawakanku dan mematuk aku juga" katanya dalam hati. Ternyata angsa itu tidak menyerangnya. Sebaliknya, para angsa itu  berenang disekitaranya dan mengelus-elusnya. Ketika dia sedang membungkukkan lehernya untuk berbicara kepada para angsa itu, ia melihat bayangannya sendiri didalam air. Diapun  tidak bisa percaya apa yang dilihatnya. "Aku bukanlah si itik buruk rupa tapi aku adalah sekeor angsah yang cantik" serunya.

Dia merasa sangat senang. Sejak hari itu,dia berenang dan bermain dengan teman-teman barunya dan merasah lebih bahagia dari pada sebelumnya.

Generic Structure Contoh Narrative Text Fable
1. Orientation of the Narrative text: It introduces the participants which involve in the story of the Ugly Duckling. They are duck mother, Ugly duckling, duckling’s sister, and the swan.
2. Complication of the narrative text: It brings the rising conflict. In a long story, the complication should be minors and a major. In this story of ugly duckling, the major complication is that the new born duck is different form other little ducks. The difference makes him get bad treatment from others animals. As results, he is sad, unhappy and finally runs away.
3. Resolution of the narrative text: It comes to a solution for the complication. In narrative texts, a resolution can be happy ending or sad ending. In this story of the Ugly duckling, the resolution is happy one. He gets new friends who do not treat him badly.  

NARRATIVE TEXT and GENERIC STRUCTURE: THE MOUSE DEER AND THE TIGER

 

One day,  there was a mouse deer. He was thirsty so he wanted to drink on the river.
When the mouse deer came next to the rive, a tiger approached him and wanted to eat him. Of course the mouse deer tried to escape, but the tiger run faster and caught him. In that dangerous situation the mouse deer thought hard how to escape the tiger. Then he got idea and said to the tiger, “Listen! Your mightiness and toughness are all great! But I have my own king. He has a greater strength than yours! I am sure that nobody can match his powers!”  Because the tiger felt taunted, he declared that he would challenge the mouse deer’s king.
Next the mouse lead the tiger to the river, and said, “Now Look at the water. You will see my king” Foolishly the tiger looked in the river and surely saw another tiger in the water. Then he growled, but the tiger in the river imitated to growl too. Because of his too high self pride, the  tiger jumped into the water, and wanted to fight. He was believing there was another tiger in the water.
The mouse deer took that opportunity to escape. After fighting with himself in the river, the tiger realized that he was fooled by the mouse deer.

 

Arti Cerita Kancil Dan Harimau dari Teks Bahasa Inggris
Suatu hari, ada seekor kancil. Dia merasa haus dan ingin minum di sungai.
Ketika kancil tiba di pinggir sungai itu, seekor harimau mendekat dan ingin memakannya. Tentu saja kancil mencoba melarikan diri, namun harimau berjalan lebih cepat dan menangkapnya. Dalam situasi berbahaya seperti itu, kancil berpikir keras bagaimana cara untuk melepaskan diri dari harimau itu. Lalu ia mendapat ide yang bagus dan berkata kepada harimau, "Dengar! Binatang yang tangguh dan besar! Tapi saya punya raja sendiri. Dia memiliki kekuatan yang lebih besar dari Anda! Saya yakin tidak ada yang bisa menandingi kekuatannya!" Karena harimau merasa terhina, ia menyatakan bahwa ia akan menantang raja kancil itu.
Maka kancil pun  mengajak harimau ke sungai, dan berkata, "Sekarang Lihatlah kedalam air itu. Anda akan melihat raja saya" Bodohnya harimau itu, tentu saja ia melihat bayangan sekor harimau lain di sungai itu. Lalu ia menggeram, dan harimau yang tampak di sungai juga ikut  menggeram. Karena kesombongan, harimau itu melompat ke dalam air untuk melawan. Ia percaya ada harimau lain di dalam air sungai itu.
Kancil pun mengambil kesempatan yang baik itu untuk melarikan diri. Setelah bertarung dengan bayangannya sendiri di sungai, harimau itu baru menyadari bahwa ia tertipu oleh kancil.

Generic structure Contoh Narrative Text Fable
1. Orientation: there were a mouse deer and a tiger on the river bank
2. Complication: a tiger approached a mouse deer and wanted to eat him.
3. Resolution: the tiger realized that he was fooled by the mouse deer.

FABEL DAN GENERIC STRUCTURE: THE SMART MONKEY AND THE DULL CROCODILE

One day there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a crocodile so he asked the crocodile to take him across the other side of the river. The crocodile agree and told the monkey to jump on its back. Then the crocodile swam down the river with the monkey on his top.
Unluckily, the crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey. So he will be healthy again.”
At the time, the monkey was in dangerous situation and he had to think hard. Then he had a good idea. He told the crocodile to swim back to the river bank. “What’s for?” asked the crocodile. “Because I don’t bring my heart,” said the monkey. “I left it under a tree, near some coconuts in the river bank.”
The crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back. Then he climbed up to the top of a tree.
“Where is your heart?” asked the crocodile. “You are foolish,” said the monkey to the crocodile. “Now I am free and I have my heart.” said the monkey. The crocodile was very angry, but he can’t did anything, so he left the monkey and  walk away around the river bank.

 

 

 

Generic Structure Contoh Narrative Text Fable
1. Orientation: The participants or characters of the story are a smart monkey and dull crocodile.
One day there was a monkey. He wanted to cross a river. There he saw a crocodile
The time set is just one day. The story takes place in a river
2. Complication: Every narrative text must consist of conflict or problem. A simple definition of problem is when something goes and it is not what we want. In the story the complication start when the crocodile want to eats the monkey.
the crocodile was very hungry, he stopped in the middle of the river and said to the monkey, “My father is very sick. He has to eat the heart of the monkey. Of course the monkey don not want to be the crocodile’s meal and that is the problem which sets the whole story.
3. Resolution: A problem must be resolved. It can succeed or fail. In this story, the monkey succeeds to solve the problem. He get free from the hungry crocodile.
The crocodile agreed and turned around. He swam back to the bank of the river. As soon as they reached the river bank, the monkey jumped off the crocodile’s back. Then he climbed up to the top of a tree.

TEXT NARRATIVE: THE ANT AND THE GRASSHOPPER

 

In a field one summer’s day a grasshopper was hopping about, chirping and singing to its heart’s content. An ant passed by, bearing along with great toil an ear of corn he was taking to the nest.
“Why not come and chat with me,” said the grasshopper, “instead of toiling and moiling in that way?”
“I am helping to lay up food for the winter,” said the ant, “and recommend you to do the same.”
“Why bother about winter?” said the grasshopper; we have got plenty of food at present.” The Ant went on its way and continued its toil.
When the winter came the grasshopper found itself dying of hunger while it saw the ants distributing, every day, corn and grain from the stores they had collected in the summer.

 

Arti Cerita Semut dan Belalang dari Teks Bahasa Inggris
Di suatu lapangan, saat musim panas, seekor  belalang melompat girang, berkicau dan bernyanyi sesuka hatinya. Sementara seekeor semut sedang lewat, sambil mambawa bongkahan biji jagung dibawahnya dengan susah payah menuju sarangnya.
"Mengapa kamu tidak disini saja sambil ngobrol denganku," kata Belalang, "dari pada lalulalang kerja keras seperti itu??"
"Aku bekerja  untuk mengumpulkan makanan sebegai persediaan musim dingin nanti," kata semut itu, "dan memeberikan contoh padamu supaya kamu juga mengumpulkan makanan seperti aku."
"Kenapa aku harus repot-repot mengkhawatirkan musim dingin" kata Belalang; "Kami sudah punya banyak makanan saat ini." Meskipun begitu semut itu tetap melanjutkan dan terus kerja keras.
Ketika musim dingin datang, belalang itu pun mati kelaparan, sementara si semut mendistribusikan jagung dan gandum setiap hari dari toko mereka yang sudah dikumpulkan saat musim panas yang lalu.

 

Generic structure Contoh Narrative Text Fable
1. Orientation: First information of the participants inside the story. From the story about ant and grasshopper below, we see the orientation as:
In a field one summer’s day a Grasshopper was hopping about. An Ant passed by…
2. Complication: What happens next among the participants of the story. This phase introduce a problem existing between or among the participants. From the example of narrative below, we see the complication is:
"Why bother about winter?” said the Grasshopper; we have got plenty of food at present.” But the Ant went on its way and continued its toil.
3. Resolution: The way a writer ends his story plot. It can be successful ending or failure one which leads to sad ending story. From the story about ant and grasshopper, we see the writer give the ending as follow:
When the winter came the Grasshopper found itself dying of hunger

FABEL : BURUNG GAGAK DAN BOTOL

 

 

Seekor burung gagak yang haus mencari air di gurun. Ia menemukan sebuah botol yang berisi air, tetapi leher botol terlalu sempit untuk burung gagak memasukkan kepala. Burung gagak kemudian menggunakan batu untuk memasukkan ke dalam botol dan menaikkan air ke permukaan. Dengan cara itu, burung gagak dapat minum air dari botol.

 

Soal dan Jawaban:

 

1. Q: Apa yang dilakukan burung gagak untuk mendapatkan air?

A: Burung gagak menggunakan batu untuk menaikkan air.

2. Q: Mengapa burung gagak tidak dapat memasukkan kepala ke dalam botol?

A: Karena leher botol terlalu sempit.

3. Q: Apa yang terjadi pada air di dalam botol setelah burung gagak memasukkan batu?

A: Air naik ke permukaan.

4. Q: Apa sifat burung gagak dalam cerita ini?

A: Cerdas dan gigih.

5. Q: Apa pesan moral dari cerita ini?

A: Dengan kesabaran dan kecerdasan, kita dapat menyelesaikan masalah.

 

Pesan Moral: Dengan kesabaran dan kecerdasan, kita dapat menyelesaikan masalah.

FABEL : SUNGAI DAN BATU

 

 

Seekor sungai yang mengalir deras bertemu dengan batu besar di tengahnya. Sungai tersebut mencoba untuk menggerakkan batu, tetapi batu tidak bergeser. Sungai tersebut merasa frustrasi dan marah. Namun, setelah beberapa waktu, sungai sadar bahwa batu dapat menjadi tempat untuk beristirahat dan menikmati pemandangan.

 

Soal dan Jawaban:

 

1. Q: Apa yang dilakukan sungai terhadap batu?

A: Sungai mencoba untuk menggerakkan batu.

2. Q: Mengapa sungai frustrasi?

A: Karena batu tidak bergeser.

3. Q: Apa yang disadari oleh sungai?

A: Sungai sadar bahwa batu dapat menjadi tempat untuk beristirahat dan menikmati pemandangan.

4. Q: Apa yang dapat kita pelajari dari cerita ini?

A: Kita dapat belajar untuk melihat sisi positif dari kesulitan.

5. Q: Apa pesan moral dari cerita ini?

A: Kita perlu menerima dan menghargai kesulitan sebagai kesempatan untuk belajar.

 

Pesan Moral: Kita perlu menerima dan menghargai kesulitan sebagai kesempatan untuk belajar.

FABEL : POHON DAN BAYANGAN

 

 

Seekor pohon yang besar dan kuat berdiri di tepi sungai. Suatu hari, pohon tersebut melihat bayangannya sendiri di air dan merasa tidak puas dengan bentuknya. Pohon tersebut meminta bayangannya untuk berubah menjadi lebih besar dan lebih indah. Namun, bayangan tidak dapat berubah karena itu hanya refleksi dari pohon itu sendiri. Pohon tersebut sadar bahwa keindahan sebenarnya ada pada dirinya sendiri.

 

Soal dan Jawaban:

 

1. Q: Apa yang dilakukan pohon terhadap bayangannya?

A: Pohon meminta bayangan untuk berubah.

2. Q: Mengapa pohon ingin mengubah bayangannya?

A: Karena pohon tidak puas dengan bentuknya.

3. Q: Apa yang disadari oleh pohon?

A: Pohon sadar bahwa keindahan sebenarnya ada pada dirinya sendiri.

4. Q: Apa yang tidak dapat dilakukan oleh bayangan?

A: Bayangan tidak dapat berubah.

5. Q: Apa pesan moral dari cerita ini?

A: Kita harus menerima dan menghargai diri sendiri apa adanya.

 

Pesan Moral: Kita harus menerima dan menghargai diri sendiri apa adanya.

PAST TENSE VERBAL DAN NOMINAL BESERTA RUMUS

 

Past Tense Verbal dan Nominal memiliki rumus yang berbeda-beda tergantung pada jenis kalimat dan subjek.

 

Past Tense Verbal:

 

- Rumus: S + V2 (kata kerja bentuk lampau)

- Contoh:

- I walked to school yesterday. (Saya berjalan kaki ke sekolah kemarin.)

- She ate breakfast this morning. (Dia makan sarapan pagi ini.)

 

Past Tense Nominal:

 

- Rumus:

- S + was/were + nominal (kata benda atau kata sifat)

- Contoh:

- I was a student last year. (Saya adalah mahasiswa tahun lalu.)

- They were happy when they got married. (Mereka bahagia ketika mereka menikah.)

 

Keterangan:

 

- S: Subjek (kata benda atau kata ganti)

- V2: Kata kerja bentuk lampau

- Was/Were: Kata "to be" dalam bentuk lampau (was untuk subjek tunggal, were untuk subjek jamak)

- Nominal: Kata benda atau kata sifat yang digunakan sebagai predikat.

 

Dengan demikian, rumus Past Tense Verbal dan Nominal dapat membantu Anda dalam membuat kalimat yang benar dan efektif dalam bahasa Inggris.

PERBEDAAN PAST TENSE VERBAL DAN NOMINAL

 

Past Tense dapat dibagi menjadi dua jenis, yaitu Past Tense Verbal dan Past Tense Nominal.

 

Past Tense Verbal:

 

- Menggunakan kata kerja (verb) sebagai predikat.

- Menunjukkan tindakan atau kejadian yang telah terjadi di masa lampau.

- Contoh:

- I walked to school yesterday. (Saya berjalan kaki ke sekolah kemarin.)

- She ate breakfast this morning. (Dia makan sarapan pagi ini.)

 

Past Tense Nominal:

 

- Menggunakan kata "to be" (was/were) sebagai predikat.

- Menunjukkan keadaan atau kondisi yang telah terjadi di masa lampau.

- Contoh:

- I was a student last year. (Saya adalah mahasiswa tahun lalu.)

- They were happy when they got married. (Mereka bahagia ketika mereka menikah.)

 

Perbedaan:

 

-       Kata kerja: Past Tense Verbal menggunakan kata kerja sebagai predikat, sedangkan Past Tense Nominal menggunakan kata "to be" sebagai predikat.

-       Arti: Past Tense Verbal menunjukkan tindakan atau kejadian, sedangkan Past Tense Nominal menunjukkan keadaan atau kondisi.

 

Dengan demikian, perbedaan antara Past Tense Verbal dan Nominal terletak pada jenis kata yang digunakan sebagai predikat dan arti yang ingin disampaikan.

50 DAFTAR VERB 2 DAN ARTINYA

 

Berikut adalah 50 daftar verb 2 (kata kerja bentuk lampau) dalam bahasa Inggris beserta artinya:

 

1. Was/Were (adalah) - bentuk lampau dari "to be"

2. Did (melakukan) - bentuk lampau dari "do"

3. Went (pergi) - bentuk lampau dari "go"

4. Saw (melihat) - bentuk lampau dari "see"

5. Heard (mendengar) - bentuk lampau dari "hear"

6. Ate (makan) - bentuk lampau dari "eat"

7. Drank (minum) - bentuk lampau dari "drink"

8. Took (mengambil) - bentuk lampau dari "take"

9. Made (membuat) - bentuk lampau dari "make"

10. Wrote (menulis) - bentuk lampau dari "write"

11. Spoke (berbicara) - bentuk lampau dari "speak"

12. Ran (berlari) - bentuk lampau dari "run"

13. Jumped (melompat) - bentuk lampau dari "jump"

14. Read (membaca) - bentuk lampau dari "read"

15. Gave (memberikan) - bentuk lampau dari "give"

16. Bought (membeli) - bentuk lampau dari "buy"

17. Sold (menjual) - bentuk lampau dari "sell"

18. Taught (mengajar) - bentuk lampau dari "teach"

19. Learned (belajar) - bentuk lampau dari "learn"

20. Felt (merasa) - bentuk lampau dari "feel"

21. Put (meletakkan) - bentuk lampau dari "put"

22. Kept (menyimpan) - bentuk lampau dari "keep"

23. Lost (kehilangan) - bentuk lampau dari "lose"

24. Found (menemukan) - bentuk lampau dari "find"

25. Became (menjadi) - bentuk lampau dari "become"

26. Came (datang) - bentuk lampau dari "come"

27. Sang (menyanyi) - bentuk lampau dari "sing"

28. Danced (menari) - bentuk lampau dari "dance"

29. Played (bermain) - bentuk lampau dari "play"

30. Watched (menonton) - bentuk lampau dari "watch"

31. Listened (mendengarkan) - bentuk lampau dari "listen"

32. Spoke (berbicara) - bentuk lampau dari "speak"

33. Wore (memakai) - bentuk lampau dari "wear"

34. Tore (merobek) - bentuk lampau dari "tear"

35. Swept (menyapu) - bentuk lampau dari "sweep"

36. Swam (berenang) - bentuk lampau dari "swim"

37. Drove (mengemudi) - bentuk lampau dari "drive"

38. Rode (mengendarai) - bentuk lampau dari "ride"

39. Flew (terbang) - bentuk lampau dari "fly"

40. Threw (melempar) - bentuk lampau dari "throw"

41. Caught (menangkap) - bentuk lampau dari "catch"

42. Taught (mengajar) - bentuk lampau dari "teach"

43. Met (bertemu) - bentuk lampau dari "meet"

44. Forgot (melupakan) - bentuk lampau dari "forget"

45. Forgave (memaafkan) - bentuk lampau dari "forgive"

46. Began (memulai) - bentuk lampau dari "begin"

47. Kept (menyimpan) - bentuk lampau dari "keep"

48. Lent (meminjamkan) - bentuk lampau dari "lend"

49. Sent (mengirim) - bentuk lampau dari "send"

50. Built (membangun) - bentuk lampau dari "build"

 

Namun perlu diingat bahwa ada banyak kata kerja dalam bahasa Inggris yang memiliki bentuk lampau yang tidak teratur (irregular verb). Oleh karena itu, daftar di atas hanya mencakup beberapa contoh kata kerja yang umum digunakan.

FABEL: SPEEDY CAT AND CHILL TURTLE

 

In a peaceful little village lived two very different friends: Koko the cat and Kuri the turtle.
Koko was known for being agile, fast, and just a little bit arrogant.
Meanwhile, Kuri was slow, calm, and always carried his house wherever he went.

One day, Koko was sitting on a fence, teasing Kuri, who was slowly making his way to the pond.

“Hey, Kuri! Are you walking or daydreaming? If you had a walking race with a snail, the snail would probably get mad for having to wait for you!” Koko laughed out loud.

Kuri stopped and looked at Koko patiently. “You know, Koko? Sometimes the slow ones are the ones who arrive first.”

Koko laughed even harder. “What?! Are you saying you could beat me in a race?”

Kuri smiled. “Let’s prove it. Let’s race from here to the big mango tree at the edge of the meadow.”

Feeling like he had already won, Koko agreed without hesitation.

The next day, all the animals in the village gathered to watch. There was Mouse, Chicken, Duck, and even Pig, who came carrying a bucket of popcorn (no one knows from where). The race was about to begin!

“Three... two... one... GO!” shouted Duck, who was acting as the referee.

Koko shot off like an arrow. Dust flew, leaves spun, and within seconds, Koko was already halfway there. He looked back—Kuri hadn’t even reached the first bend.

“This is way too easy,” Koko thought. “I can take a little nap and still win.”

He lay down under a tree and started purring softly, “Zzz... zzz…”

Meanwhile, Kuri kept walking slowly but steadily. “Small steps, but steady,” he mumbled with a smile.

Hours passed. Koko was still fast asleep, dreaming of grilled fish and dining with a Persian cat in Paris.

Eventually, Kuri passed by the sleeping Koko, silent as ever. Step by step, he made it to the finish line, greeted by cheers from all the animals.

As the sun was about to set, Koko woke up and was shocked to see Kuri surrounded by excited friends.

“What?! How is that possible?!” Koko asked in disbelief.

Kuri just smiled. “You’re fast, Koko, but I’m consistent.”

Koko bowed his head in shame, then burst out laughing. “Alright, Kuri. From now on, I won’t underestimate turtles ever again. Not even the ones carrying luggage!”

All the animals burst out laughing. Pig even choked on his popcorn.

Since that day, Koko and Kuri remained best friends. Koko learned to be more patient, and Kuri... well, he kept walking slowly. Because really, what’s the rush when you can take it easy and still get there?

Moral of the story: Don’t be arrogant just because you’re fast, and don’t feel small just because you’re slow. What matters most is to keep moving forward!

 

PENJELASAN TEKS REPORT BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Pengertian Report text adalah jenis teks yang mengumumkan hasil penyelidikan atau mengumumkan sesuatu . Informasi yang diberikan dalam teks laporan adalah informasi yang sangat umum.

Apasih yang membedakan report text dan descriptive text? Jika Anda membandingkannya dengan seksama, bedanya adalah recont text menjelaskan sesuatu secara general atau umum sedangkan descriptive text menjelaskan sesuatu yang spesifik atau khusus. Report text juga biasanya bersifat ilmiah.

Tujuan

“Social function of report text is to present information about something generally to the reader.”

Social function dari report text adalah untuk menyajikan informasi tentang sesuatu secara umum kepada pembaca.

Secara umum, report text menggambarkan hal-hal yang berkenaan dengan fenomena alam , buatan manusia dan sosial di lingkungan kita , seperti : mamalia , planet-planet , batu , tanaman , negara-negara dan kota, budaya , transportasi , dan sebagainya. Dan report text bersifat ilmiah karena menyajikan fakta-fakta sebagai hasil penelitian atau observasi.

Generic Structure

General Classification
berisi pernyataan umum tentang subject yang dibicarakan atau dibahas.

Description
merupakan bagian yang memberikan gambaran secara detail mengenai subject yang dibahas pada bagian general classification.

Contoh :

Report Text about Dolphin

Dolphins are very intelligent animals and they are benign to humans. This water mammals are able to fascinate us in many different ways. These mammals live in a group. They have been known to help humans in a variety of circumstances including rescue and fishing.

There are 36 species of dolphins that have been found. 32 species are dolphins the sea is already well known by the people and 4 species are river dolphins. It’s very interesting to see and learn about the dolphin species

Dolphins can be very entertaining. They can jump out of the water. Some of them can jump up to 30 feet in the air. The dolphins are grayish blue and his skin is very sensitive to human touch and other objects.

Although the dolphins have 100 teeth, they don’t use their teeth to eat. They use it to get fish then they swallow the fish. They can consume fish up to 15 kg per day. They always gather in a group to hunt fish.

 

 

 

3.    Analytical Exposition

Analytical Exposition Text (1)

Fast Food

Fast food describes the food that is not healthy or have little nutritional content. Unnutrious foods contain large amounts of fat. Fast food such as hamburgers, French fries from McDonald’s, KFC and Pizza Hut are often considered as unnutrious food.

Indeed all the food was delicious. Its aroma can make your salivation trickling. At that point, incidentally getting a charge out of garbage sustenance is no issue. It will be an issue on the off chance that you make this garbage sustenance as your everyday nourishment.

As per Jim White, the proprietor of Jim White Fitness and Nutrition studios in Virginia shoreline, VA, sustenance, for example, starches from fine starch, bundled treats, potato chips, sweet carbonated beverage, and burger and fries, not just include a layer of fat in the body, additionally it can bring about physical issue that make you feel uncomfortable.

Expending a lot of garbage nourishment can bring about a few effects to your body. First and foremost, your skin can be wrinkles before now is the right time. The unfriendly impact of eating garbage nourishment is overweight, as well as on skin. Sugar, Trans fats, and flour, can bring about the insulin hop up and invigorate an incendiary. Synthetic response happens when sugar particles strike protein or immersed fat quickens the maturing process by deactivating antioxidant in the body. You additionally be helpless to harm because of introduction to the beams of the sun and make the skin wrinkles speedier.

The second effect is obstruction. Crisp bread, rice, and different items which are made of the base of fine starch and have low fiber, can bring about stoppage. Actually, fiber has capacity to move everything through the body. In the event that you have parchedness, the state of stoppage will be more extreme. It will be more awful on the off chance that you drink pop.

The third is indigestion. Devouring a lot of garbage sustenance can trigger stomach corrosive issue. Nourishments that contain high immersed fat takes longer time to process. At the point when the burger or French fries that you appreciate overnight haven’t been totally processed in the morning, the overabundance stomach corrosive can be pushed up into the throat with regards to whenever to eat. Thusly, you feel queasiness and indigestion.

The fourth is intensifying the PMS (Pre Menstruation Syndrome) indications. Nourishment is not really prompted the presence of premenstrual disorder indications. There are different sources that exacerbate it even, for instance, sugar and starch that causes insulin all over quickly. This will influence compound mixes in the cerebrum and can disturb the emotional episode that you feel.

The fifth is migraine. Have you ever experienced cerebral pains after progressive devouring greasy sustenance? The agony is brought on by tyramine, a concoction intensify that is shaped in the breakdown of a particular protein in sustenance color and nitrate. Specialists say these materials can enhance blood stream to the cerebrum, then it causes changes in veins that dispense torment. As a result of that, you ought to precisely watch more the sustenance you eat. Stay far from sustenance’s that have unnatural shading.

The 6th is bloat. Different handled nourishments that are utilized for garbage sustenance contain large amounts of sodium. Sodium is the reason for tooting on the grounds that the sodium set the quantity of blood and veins to tie water. High admission of sodium will draw water from your body cells and reason a body hold more fluid as pay. Drinking eating regimen pop will exacerbate your condition is getting, on the grounds that the air pocket and the simulated sweetener can trigger bloat.  Those are a few effects of a lot of devouring garbage sustenance. The effects can influence our body’s wellbeing. Devouring an excess of garbage sustenance is bad.

PENJELASAN TEKS PROCEDURE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Procedure text merupakan sebuah teks yang berisikan tentang cara-cara dalam melakukan sesuatu dalam bahasa inggris.

Prcedure text dapat berupa cara memasak, cara membuat sesuatu, cara memperbaiki sesuatu, dan juga cara melakukan sesuatu.

STEP BY STEP CARA MEMBUAT PROCEDURE TEXT

1.     Judul

Dalam membuat Judul Procedure text dapat berupa “How to…..”.

e.g/: “How To Make Easy Fried Rice”

Penggunaan “How to..” merupakan suatu penunjuk bahwa si penulis ingin si pembaca tahu bagaimana untuk melakukan sesuatu. Meskipun terkadang how to tidak digunakan dalam judul procedure text. Contohnya pada resep-resep makanan langsung nama makanan yang kita buat

e.g/: Easy Fried Chicken

Buatlah judul yang mudah dimengerti dan memiliki benang merah dengan apa yang akan disampaikan pada isi text kita. Sehingga si pembaca tahu bahwa si penulis bermaksud memberitahu caranya sesuai judul yang kita buat.

Misal: “How to make chruncy chicken”  atau “how to make fried rice” Tetapi isi dari instruction nya berisi tentang cara pembuatan fried chicken. Meskipun sama-sama ayam, informasi yang spesifik membuat si pembaca tak keliru apa yang akan disampaikan.

2.     Ingredients

Ingredients merupakan bahan-bahan yang kita gunakan dalam resep makanan, namun anda dapat menggantinya jika anda ingin membuat procedure text dalam melakukan sesuatu dengan “Tools”:

• Ingredients, for the example:

-2 cups of tea

-1 tablespoon of sugar

-3 teaspoons of honey

-1 cup frozen beans

-salt

• Tools, for the example:

-Hammer

-Nails

-Jigsaw

-Sharpener

3.     Instuctions/Steps

Instruction atau steps merupakan bagian bagaimana membuat sesuatu. Dalam resep makanan biasanya diawali dengan persiapan dalam memasak,

e.g: “First, we put the chicken into the bowl”

‘First’ dari contoh diatas, artinya ‘pertama-tama’. Maksudnya adalah persiapan pertama yang harus dilakukan. Namun anda bias juga langsung menulis intruksi yang dilakukan pada tahap pertama

e.g/: “preheat …..”

Sebuah perintah untuk melakukan sesuatu. Dan setelah itu dapat dilanjutkan dengan proses selanjutnya yang harus dilakukan hingga selesai.

Nah untuk contoh Full Version Procedure Text nya sebagai berikut:

How To Make Crunchy Fried Chicken

Ingredients: 1 young chickens, cut into pieces 2000 ml of water or to taste 1 vertebra thumb galangal, crushed 4 bay leaves 150 ml coconut milk from coconut 1/3 200 g of corn starch 1 egg 1 stalk lemongrass, crushed Salt to taste Oil for frying to taste 6 shallots 4 cloves of garlic 6 grains hazelnut, roasted 1 small knuckle turmeric fuel 1 tbsp coriander, toasted Salt to taste How to Make Crunchy Fried Chicken: First cut the chicken into pieces, then boiled with 2000 ml of water or until slightly tender, remove and drain it. Take a new frying pan, fill enough water, then enter the chicken, and spices, galangal, lemongrass, and bay leaves. Steam while turning occasionally, wait until chicken is tender. Then add the coconut milk and stir until boiling. Then lift the chicken, strained chicken broth seasoning, then dispose of the waste. After a cold chicken broth, enter sago flour and eggs, salt and stir until the dough becomes soft. Heat enough oil, dip the chicken into batter, fried until golden brown. Remove and drain. Finally, strain used fry oil, then heat again with a small flame. Fried leftover flour mixture little by little, remove and drain. Finish.

PENJELASAN TEKS RECOUNT BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Recount text adalah sebuah teks dalam bahasa Inggris yang menceritakan pengalaman di masa lalu atau masa lampau yang berisikan suatu peristiwa, aktivitas, dan hal menarik lainnya.

Tujuan teks recount adalah agar para pembaca dapat merasa terhibur serta mengetahui apa maksud cerita yang disampaikan oleh si penulis kepada si pembaca.

·       Struktur Recount Text

Dalam pembuatan recount text kita harus memperhatikan struktur apa saj yang menjadi bagian dalam teks tersebut, yakni:

-Orietation

Adalah bagian pada recount text yang memperkenalkan tokoh, karakter, tempat, serta waktu dalam cerita tersebut. Jadi and cukup memikirkan “who”, “where”, “when”, “what”, and “how”.

-Events

Event dibuat setelah bagian Orientation. Karena bagian events berfungsi untuk menjelaskan lebih rinci peristiwa-peristiwa yang berlangsung dalam cerita trsebut. Disini biasanya letak isi pokok dalam suatu peristiwa yang ingin penulis sampaikan.

-re-orientation

Re-orientation adalah bagian akhir dari recount text. Isinya pun bebas. Jadi si penulis berhak menceritakan kesimpulan ataupun “personal opinion” dalam bagian ini.

Contoh recount text:

My Vacation in Bali

When I was 3nd grade of junior high school, my friends and I trip to Bali for vacation. We were there for five days. We got many precious experiences during the vacation.

First day, we visited Kuta Beach in the morning. We saw the lovely sunrise there. It was an outstanding view. Then, we checked in to the hotel at the night. After taking a nap at the hotel, we went to Tanah Lot. Tanah lot was nice place. It was lovely place for taking photo. We saw so many tourists there.

Second day, we spent our time on Tanjung Benoa beach. We played water sports at there. We drove banana boat and speed boat. In the afternoon, We went to Penyu island to see unique animals such as big turtles, snake, and sea birds. We felt enjoyed and happy.
The last day, we went to Sangeh. We could enjoy the shady forest. There were so many monkeys. Sometimes the monkey could be naughty. We could be really close with them. After that, we visited to Sukowati Market. I bought Bali T-Shirt, souvenirs and some food for gift there

At the night, we had to check out from the our hotel. We went back home and bring so many unforgettable memories of Bali.

PENJELASAN TEKS NARRATIVE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 

Disebutkan bahwa “A narrative text” is a text which is containing an imaginative story in which to entertain people (audience).

(teks narasi adalah sebuah teks yang berisikan cerita imaginatif dimana bertujuan untuk menghibur orang banyak atau penonton).

Based on the Oxford (Kamus Besar Bahasa Inggris) secara harfiah narrative bermakna (1) a spoken or a written account of connected events such as a story. (Sebuah cerita baik berupa secara terucap maupun secara tertulis)

Jika disimpulkan, maka arti dari narrative text adalah teks yang berisi sebuah cerita baik secara verbal (terucap) maupun secara tertulis ataupun yang berisikan rangkaian peristiwa dalam suatu hal.

Structure dari Narrative Text

Untuk mengetahui struktur dari Narrative Text itu sangatlah penting. Jadi jika kita ingin membaca terlebih saat menulis teks narasi yang baru kita memiliki stuktur teks narasi yang baik. Lihat struktur Narrative Text dibawah ini:

• Orientation

: It is about the opening of the paragraph where characters, place, and time are introduced in the story.(adalah sebuah paragraph pembuka yang berisi pengenalan tokoh, tempat dan waktu dalam sebuah cerita.

Berisi: who (siapa ), contohnya; Cinderella

Where (dimana); in small village

When (kapan); a long time ago, once upon a time

• Complication

: Where the problems of characters of the story appear and go to climac. (Dimana Permasalahan yang dimiliki oleh tokoh dalam cerita muncul dan klimaks)

• Resolution

: Where the problems of characters of the story is being solved. (Masalah selesai. Masalah terselesaikan baik secara ‘happy ending’ maupun tidak.

Contoh Narrative Text

Queen Of Arabia and Three Sheiks

Once upon a time there was a queen of Arabia named Maura. Maura is the most beautiful lady who had many suitors. Almost of it counts had discarded one by one, until just three sheiks reduced to the list. Those three were young and handsome. They were strong and also rich. The queen was hard to decide who would be the only one being the best.

One day in the night, Maura disguised herself and went to the sheiks’ camps near her castle. Maura had an idea to made a dinner for them, “Would you like something to eat, sheiks?” asked her. The first gave her some left in the table over food. And the second one gave her something strange, some unappetizing camel’s tail. The last one who named Hakim, offered the most tasty meat and tender.

After the lovely occasion, the queen left the camp.

Then in tomorrow, the queen invited those three sheiks to have a dinner at her castle. She ordered as same as the foods which is given to queen yesterday. The first sheiks who gave all over the food get the same menu. And he ate all the menu by himself. The second one who gave the unappetizing camel’s tail get the same and ate by himself. The third one , hakim, Get the same menu as he gave to the queen, but he didn’t want to eat it if all the people around him could not get too.

The queen was smiling. “Hakim, you are the person who I am searching for, now I announce that Hakim the person I will marry with!”

PENJELASAN TEKS NARRATIVE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 Pengertian Narrative

Teks yang menceritakan suatu kejadian mengikuti alur waktu.

Tujuan Narrative

Menghibur pembaca dengan kejadian nyata, seolah-olah pembaca mengalami sendiri kejadian tersebut.

Struktur Teks

• Pengenalan latar (tokoh, waktu dan tempat)/Orientation

• Pengembangan konflik/Complication

• Penyelesaian konflik/Reorientation

• Pelajaran yang dapat dipetik oleh pembaca/Reorientation

 

Contoh teks Narrative

THE BEARDED MAN AND THE LITTLE PRINCE

Once, there was a poor bearded man who made of close friendship with a little prince.

A poor bearded man named Maju lives alone in the middle of the wood of Dorasan Village. Everybody scared of him, especially the kids. The parent always told their children not to get near his place, "he might eat you" they said.

One day, the prince of the Kingdom of Dorasan Village, Hansol, was kidnapped by the King's servant who wants to coup d'etat him. He was tied in the middle of the forest, and the servant leaves him to tell the King that his son died.

The Prince might die if it's not Maju who saves the Prince and takes care of him on his place. Maju gave him food, treat his wound until he healthy enough to come home. The Prince realises that Maju is not bad people like what everybody said.

After the Prince got his energy back, he told his father everything. The King then punished the traitor and gave Maju a job and proper place to live near the palace. Maju became the Prince's best friend and protector ever since.

 

PENJELASAN TEKS REPORT BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 Pengertian Report

Teks Report hampir sama dengan Descriptive, namun di teks Report ini lebih memberikan gambaran umum tidak sedetail Descriptive.

Tujuan Report

Untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca mengenai suatu hal apa adanya, sebagai hasil pengamatan sistematis atau analisis.

Struktur Teks

• Klasifikasi umum/General classification (pengenalan fenomena atau benda yang akan dibicarakan dengan pernyataan umum)

• Deskripsi/Description (uraian atau gambaran bagian-bagian yang umum)

 

Contoh teks Report

EARTHQUAKE

 

A 6.3-magnitude earthquake rocked the Indonesian island of Lombok on Sunday, sending people fleeing into the streets just two weeks after a quake which killed more than 460 people.

The quake was centred west-southwest of Belanting town in East Lombok, the US Geological Survey said, at a relatively shallow depth of 7km.

Residents said the earthquake was felt strongly in east Lombok.

The tremor was also felt in the island’s capital Mataram and on the neighbouring resort island of Bali.

It comes two weeks after a shallow 6.9-magnitude quake on 5 August levelled tens of thousands of homes, mosques and businesses across Lombok.

Indonesia, an archipelago of thousands of islands, sits on the so-called Pacific “ring of fire”, where tectonic plates collide and many of the world’s volcanic eruptions and earthquakes occur.

(Source: The Guardian)

PENJELASAN TEKS PROCEDURE BESERTA CONTOHNYA BAHASA INGGRIS

 Pengertian Procedure

Teks yang menjelaskan cara membuat atau melakukan sesuatu dengan runut, misalnya teks ‘Resep Kue Nastar’.

Tujuan Procedure

Memberi petunjuk kepada pembaca untuk melakukan sesuatu melalui serangkaian langkah.

Struktur Teks

• Tujuan/Goal/Aim

• Bahan/Alat/Materials/Tools

• Langkah/Steps/Methods.

 

 

Contoh Teks Procedure

HOW TO MAKE A DIRT CAKE

Ingredients:

1.     ½ cup butter, softened

2.     1 (8 ounce) package cream cheese, softened

3.     ½ cup confectioners’ sugar

4.     2 (3.5 ounce) packages instant vanilla pudding mix

5.     3 ½ cups milk

6.     1 (12 ounce) container frozen whipped topping, thawed

7.     32 ounces chocolate sandwich cookies with crème filling

Instructions:

1.     Chop cookies very fine in food processor. The white cream will disappear.

2.     Mix butter, cream cheese, and sugar in bowl.

3.     In a large bowl mix milk, pudding and whipped topping together.

4.     Combine pudding mixture and cream mixture together.

5.     Layer in flower pot, starting with cookies then cream mixture. Repeat layers.

6.     Chill until ready to serve.

7.     Add artificial flowers, worm gummy and trowel. Enjoy!

(source: All Recipes)